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诊疗English读到：自始 诊疗English读到：术前审核 外科English读到：制剂游离 诊疗English读到：拐杖不依走 诊疗English读到：ICU指南 诊疗English读到：灌肠法 诊疗English读到：鼻饲给药法 诊疗English读到：口服给药 国际护士Association护士职业道德准则 外科English读到：非传统性突变 外科English读到：康复外科 外科English读到：多基因突变 外科English读到：疗程期近的负责管理 外科English读到：查房准备 外科English读到：心脏病史 外科English读到：医疗就有回顾 外科English读到：病史 制剂附带：异烟肼 外科English读到：解剖部位 外科English读到：制剂游离Resuscitation 自始 Assessment 审核 Assess the client's unresponsiveness by shaking the client and shouting, "Are you OK?" 摇病者或呼叫病者，审核病者反应程度。 Implementation 试行 1. Activate the emergency medical services according to hospital policy and procedure 根据该医院明定和操作程序中并联医护人员病人。 2. Observe for chest movement; listen and feel for breaths. 观察胸部确有国家主义，哭、感受病者新陈代谢。 3. If client is breathing and no trauma is present, place client in the recovery position. 如病者有新陈代谢、无外伤，将病者放于以后位。 4. If no respirations are detected, call for assistance. 如无新陈代谢，寻求协助。 5. Place victim on hard surface, such as floor or ground, or use the backboard found on the resuscitation cart or the headboard of the hospital bed. If the client must be moved to the supine position, use the log-rolling technique to maintain spinal integrity. 将病患放于硬面有，如地板或地面，或选用救护队车上的底板或病床床头板。如需将病者移至仰卧位，可选用滚木技巧以保有脊柱完整。 6. Correctly position for resuscitative efforts. 崛起时正确地： A. One-person rescue: face client while kneeling parallel to the client's sternum. 单人救护队：面向病者，跪膝与病者骨盆平不依。 B. Two-person rescue: one person faces client while kneeling parallel to the client's head. Second person is on the opposite side parallel to the client's sternum. 双人救护队：全都面向病者，跪膝与病者头部平不依；全都于病者另一侧，与病者骨盆平不依。 7. Open the airway. 打开心包 A. If no head or neck trauma is suspected, use the head-tilt, chin-lift method. 如光头世颈外伤，可选用侧头、抬头举颏法。 B. If head or neck trauma is suspected, use the jaw-thrust maneuver only. Grasp angles of client's lower jaw and lift with both hands, displacing the mandible forward. 如疑有头或颈部外伤，只能选用双手托颌法。双手抓住病者嘴唇尖，抬起，按住前额后仰。 8. Mouth-to-mouth artificial respirations: 口区县人工新陈代谢 A. Adult: a. Pinch client's nose with thumb and index finger and occlude mouth with rescuer's mouth or use CPR pocket mask. Attempt two slow breaths, 1 1/2 to 2 sec per breath. 用手指和食指捏住病者舌头，疗伤者张口堵住病者口唇，也可使用CPR袖珍墨镜。先不依两次快新陈代谢，每新陈代谢1.2至2秒。 b. The rescuer should take a breath after each ventilation. 每次人工新陈代谢后疗伤者都应吸一口气。 c. Allow the client to exhale between breaths. 两次新陈代谢近应强制病者呼气。 d. Continue with 12 breaths per minute. 最终人工新陈代谢，每分钟12次。 B. Child （1 to 8 years of age）: 学龄前（1-8岁） a. Pinch the victim's nose tightly with thumb and forefinger. Place rescuer's mouth or CPR pocket mask over client's mouth, forming an airtight seal. Give two slow breaths, 1 to 1 1/2 sec per breath. 用手指和食指捏紧病患舌头。疗伤者用口或CPR袖珍墨镜堵住病者口唇，形成一个密闭心包。先不依两次快新陈代谢，每次1-1,5秒钟。 b. Pause after the first breath to take a breath. 每一次新陈代谢后稍停，静音。 c. Continue with 20 breaths per minute. 最终人工新陈代谢，每分钟20次。 C. Infant: 婴孩 a. Place the rescuer's mouth over the infant's nose and mouth, forming an airtight seal. 疗伤者口堵住患儿鼻、口，形成一密闭心包。 b. Give two breaths slowly at 1 to 1 1/2 sec per breath. 不依两次快新陈代谢，每新陈代谢1-1.5秒。 9. Continue with 20 breaths per minute. 最终新陈代谢，每分钟20次。 10. Ambu bag artificial respirations: 救治样人式新陈代谢 All ages: 所有年龄 A. Connect oxygen supply tubing to Ambu bag and oxygen flowmeter. Adjust oxygen to 100% FiO2 or ordered rate. 将供氧管与救治样和流量计相连，将氧气调控至100%吸氧浓度高分或明定速度。 B. Insert oropharyngeal airway. 填充口咽导气管。 C. Position the face mask of the Ambu bag over the client's mouth and nose. 将救治样墨镜放于患儿口、鼻。 D. Give slow breaths by squeezing the bag. 捏不胜负荷救治样不依快新陈代谢。 E. Allow time for client to exhale. 留出病者呼气时近。 11. If ventilation attempt is unsuccessful, reposition the client's head and reattempt rescue breathing again. If ventilation attempt remains unsuccessful, the airway may be obstructed by a foreign body that will need to be removed. 如人工坚强失败，再度放在病者头部，最终开始疗伤新陈代谢。如最终失败，心包可能有异物堵塞，需要去除异物。 12. Suction secretions as needed or turn client's head to the side if no trauma is suspected. 必要时吸痰或将病者头侧向一侧（如无损伤）。 13. Check for the presence of carotid pulse in and child or brachial pulse in infant. Feel for 3 to 5 sec. 检查节律：及学龄前测颈腹腔，婴孩测臂腹腔。3-5秒。 14. If no pulse, initiate chest compressions. 如无节律，不依胸外手指法。 A. Adult: Place heel of hands, one atop the other, on lower third of the sternum. Lock elbows and maintain shoulders in line with sternum. ：两手相叠，把手放于第三骨盆处。双下肢手指双肩与骨盆对齐。 B. Child: Place the heel of one hand on the lower half of the sternum. 学龄前：将一把手根放于下1/2骨盆处。 C. Infant: Place two or three fingers on the lower half of the sternum just below the level of the infant's nipples. 婴孩：将2-3根手指放于下1/2骨盆处，婴孩下方。 15. Compress chest downward to proper depth and then release. Maintain constant contact with skin. 底部手指胸部至合理深度，放松。始终保有与皮肤接触。 A. Adult: 1 1/2 to 2 inches （ 4 to 5 cm） ：手指时龟裂1.5至2铝质（4-5 cm） B. Child:1 to 1 1/2 inches （2.5 to 4 cm） 学龄前：手指时龟裂1至1.5铝质（2.5-4 cm） C. Infant:1/2 to 1 inch （1 to 2.5 cm） 婴孩：手指时龟裂0.5-1铝质（1-2.5 cm） 16. Maintain correct ratio proportionate to number of rescuers: 按疗伤数量保有正确地速度。 One rescuer: 15 compressions, 2 breaths 单人：2次新陈代谢手指15下 Two rescuers: 5 compressions, 1 breath 双人：1次新陈代谢手指5下 A. Adult: minimum of 80 to 100 compressions per min ：最少80-100次/分 B. Child: minimum of 100 compressions per min 学龄前：最少100次/分 C. Infant: minimum of 100 compressions per min 婴孩：最少100次/分 17. Continue artificial respiration. 最终人工新陈代谢 18. Monitor the adequacy of the compressions during two-rescuer CPR with palpation of the carotid （, child） or brachial （infant） pulse during compressions. 双人胸外手指时申命记摸颈腹腔（或学龄前）或臂腹腔（婴孩）风险评估手指是否合理。 19. Continue CPR until the rescuer is relieved, client regains cardiopulmonary function independently, or physician directs that CPR be discontinued. 最终不依CPR，直到有人替换，或病者以后自不依心肺功能，或医生命令中止CPR。 20. Use Completion Protocol. 选用标准未完成程序中。 Identify Unexpected Outcomes and Nursing Interventions 认定意外结果与护理举措。 Record and Report 就有与研究报告 1. Onset of arrest. 停搏时近 2. Location. 部位 3. Actions taken. 采取的不依动 4. Client response. 病者反应相关新闻
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